| |
|
Clicker Training
Your Puppy
Clicker training is a way for
trainers to quickly, really
virtually instantaneously,
provide your puppy or dog with
the sound needed for them to
understand that they are doing
the correct thing. Clickers are
small plastic and metal devices
that are carried in the
trainer's hand and, when
pressed, make a "clicking" sound
that the Teacup puppy sees as a
positive reinforcement cue.
The use of the clicker is based
on what is known as "operant
conditioning". This means that
the puppy learns to complete a
behavior that they would not
normally do without positive
reinforcement. In other words
the repetition of the act paired
with the reinforcement of the
clicker and other rewards
encourages the puppy to learn
that to get the reward they must
keep repeating the behavior when
given the command. This is very
similar to training a toddler
when Mom or Dad gives a treat
for putting away their toys or
listening to instructions. With
the infant Mom and Dad give
verbal reminders and cues, the
clicker simply replaces those
verbal cues with an easy to
recognize sound. The clicker is
used to immediately let the dog
know that they are on the right
track, then the reinforcement of
a treat or lots of praise and
attention follows when they have
completed the task. Puppies
learn that by hearing the
clicker and continuing on with
the behavior a reward of praise,
attention or a small treat will
follow.
The clicker also acts to clarify
for the puppy what he or she is
doing right. For example, if you
are trying to teach the puppy to
sit, he or she will first come
to you, maybe prance around, and
then eventually sit. Once the
puppy sits the human provides
the reward. Without using the
clicker the puppy may not really
understand what the reward is
for, is it for coming, for
prancing or for sitting? Since
the clicker is used immediately
when the puppy starts to sit, he
or she is cued that this is what
the owner means when they say
sit. The reward of a pat on the
head or a bit of playtime or a
treat reinforces the sit
behavior, not all the other
stuff, even in the puppies mind.
What is the difference?
One of the major differences in
true clicker training is that
the trainer does not introduce
the command first; rather they
reward the behavior and then
name it. For example the clicker
trainer would watch for the
puppy to sit on its own, then
click and reward without giving
the verbal command. Once the
puppy will automatically sit and
knows this earns a click and a
reward, the trainer pairs this
with a verbal command. Once the
puppy understands the verbal
pairing with the click and
reward and repeats it
successfully the trainer stops
providing a click and reward
when the puppy does it on its
own without being commanded. In
other words, if the puppy is
given the command to sit and
does he or she earns a click and
reward. If the puppy sits just
because, there is no click or
reward.
Clicker training focused on the
positive aspects of rewarding a
puppy for desired behaviors, so
there is no consequence or
punishment for a puppy that does
not follow a cue. Rather the
trainer begins the training
over, assuming that the pairing
between the behavior and the cue
has not been completely
established in the puppy's mind.
This prevents puppies from being
confused with what they are
being rewarded for and what they
are being punished for if a
punishment is included. A great
example of this is a puppy that
runs over when called but then
jumps up. In traditional
training the puppy would be told
"No jump" and then ignored. The
problem is that the puppy may
not understand where he or she
went wrong, and may
misunderstand that they are not
being punished for coming;
rather they are being punished
for jumping. With clicker
training the puppy would hear
the click and understand they
were on the right track with
coming, then would also receive
a click and reward if they sat
down, but not if they jumped up.
Clickers are also not an ongoing
event in all aspects of the
puppy or dog's life. Once the
puppy clearly understands the
verbal cue and is responding all
the time, there is no need to
continue with the clicker as the
relationship between the verbal
command and the action is
clearly defined for the puppy.
The rewards also will drop off
and become more random, plus the
tasty treats will be replaced
with praise and attention that
is just as important to the
puppy.
Clicker training is ideal for
teaching more complicated series
of behaviors. For example if you
wish to teach your dog to
compete in agility type events,
a clicker can be used throughout
the routine to immediately give
feedback to the puppy or dog
that he or she is completing the
course correctly. Feedback with
the clicker is immediate and
much less distracting to the dog
than having the owner verbalize
"Good dog". The dog may have no
idea why he or she is being
praised, but the clicker clearly
marks a behavior or event that
the dog then understands it is
to do.
There are many trainers in most
cities and areas that specialize
in clicker training.
|
|